Original Gangster

Little Caesar (Mervyn LeRoy, 1931)

Other than some notable exceptions, pre-Code films are relatively unfamiliar territory for me. This is surprising given that films from nearly a century ago containing sex, violence and various other morally corrupt virtues are of great curiosity to me. Mervyn LeRoy’s Prohibition era crime drama Little Caesar (1931) is a prime example of this; a film which remained unseen by me until recently. Anyone with a vested interest in cinema would be aware of the film by its title alone, along with it being Edward G. Robinson's breakout performance in it. What's more, Little Caesar would serve as the quintessential template for the gangster movie; creating an entire subgenre in cinema.

Adapted from William R. Burnett’s 1929 novel, Little Caesar centres on an out-of-town hoodlum, Caesar Enrico “Rico” Bandello (Edward G. Robinson), who seeks to establish himself within Chicago’s criminal underworld. His reluctant partner Joe Massara (Douglas Fairbanks Jr.) is more interested in women and dancing, but nonetheless joins an uncouth Sam Vettori’s (Stanley Fields) gang with Rico. The pair become increasingly distant over time; Rico’s imposing presence and influence within Vettori’s gang contrast with Massara going straight as a dancer at The Bronze Peacock; a club owned by rival gang boss "Little" Archie Lorch (Maurice Black). Furthermore, Joe develops a relationship with his dance partner Olga Stassoff (Glenda Farrell), who wants him to cut ties with the mob, further distancing him from Rico.

Despite the order from the Don, known as "Big Boy" (Sidney Blackmer), for everyone to remain discreet and avoid attracting the attention of the new Crime Commissioner Alvin McClure (Landers Stevens), Rico and his associates commit a robbery at the Bronze Peacock during the New Year celebrations. This results in Rico murdering the commissioner as he leaves the nightclub. Instead of being punished for this breach of protocol, Rico is rewarded for it; including the respect and takeover of Vettori’s gang. Incidentally, the capo acts oddly relieved with his demotion to soldier status once the crew choose Rico over him.

The murder of McClure has Police Sergeant Flaherty (Ralph Ince) investigating the gang and waiting for a potential slip-up. Getaway driver Tony Passa (William Collier Jr.), already a nervous wreck from the robbery, is a weak link. A chance meeting with Otero (George E. Stone), Rico’s new right-hand man, reveals that Tony wants no more to do with the gang; not even in wanting his share of the stolen loot. Tony plans to confess to the local priest. Thus, he is brutally gunned down in a drive-by on the church steps.

Tony Passa’s grand funeral procession through the streets of Chicago is a scene which could have been lifted from Francis Ford Coppola’s The Godfather films. Rico and his associates ride in the motorcade without any sign of grief. Ironically, the wake is nothing more but a banquet held in honour of the gang's ruthless leader. Amidst the boozy celebrations, the teetotal Rico, ironically foreshadows his own demise:

"And I wish you birds wouldn't get drunk and raise Cain, because that's the way a lot of birds get bumped off." 

Rico’s public exposure and celebrity status provoke contempt from Little Archie Lorch. The rival gang boss plots a hit on the underworld V.I.P. This scene draws a comparison to Coppola’s Vito Corleone being gunned down on the streets. Both characters are highly cautious of anything that might be perceived as suspicious. Rico mocks his would-be assassin after being wounded, remarking, “Fine shot you are!” Joe Massara’s warning about Little Archie’s hit prompts Rico to reminisce about his former partner and wanting to bring him back to the fold. First, however, he has to make an important visit to his Little Archie's club.

In a scene that Brian De Palma obviously took major inspiration from in his film Scarface (1983), Rico runs his rival out of town. With the acquisition of Little Archie's properties and business enterprises, Rico's empire grows. Eventually, the titular rogue takes over "Diamond" Pete Montana's (Ralph Ince) second-in-command position for Big Boy.

Rico’s meteoric rise is entertaining because it further inflates his egomania. The failed assassination attempt only fuels his thirst for power even further; anyone in his way will be met with his "Shoot first, argue afterwards." method.

The bling he wears is not merely for show but serves as trophies taken from those who were once above him and in his way. The derby hat, dapper suits and spats shoes also materialistically exemplify his increasing social status. When Rico is made the new boss of Northside Chicago, the expository on-screen text reads:

"Rico continued to take care of himself, his hair and his gun — with excellent results."

Homoerotic subtext is evident in the film. This is most apparent in Rico’s complete lack of interest in women and his scorn for Joe’s relationship with Olga. When Joe rejects the offer to help run Rico's empire and wanting out of the game, it culminates in a threatening ultimatum from the crime boss:

Rico: "You didn't quit. Nobody ever quit me. You're still in my gang, you got that? I don't care how many fancy skirts you've got hanging onto you, that Jane of yours can go hang. It's her that's made a softie out of you."

Joe: "You lay off Olga, Rico!"

Rico: "I ain't laying off her; I'm after her. One of us is gonna lose, and it ain't gonna be me. There's ways of stopping that dame."

This eventually leads to Rico drawing a gun on Joe. As he walks menacingly closer to his old partner, the camera closes in on Rico's face. His face is blurry and unfocused. Symbolic with the doubt in Rico's mind. For the first time ever, Caesar fails to pull the trigger. Thus, sealing his own doom.

For clarity, Olga is the one who goes squealing about McClure's murder to Sergeant Flaherty, causing Rico's gang to be apprehended. Therefore, Rico was essentially correct in disliking her; subtext or not. Rico instantly regrets not murdering Joe once the law give chase, "This is what I get for liking a guy too much."

More overt homoerotic subtext is present between Rico and his sycophantic right-hand man Otero. The mirror scene, where Otero assists Rico in dressing for his meeting with Big Boy, suggests a sexual act. Otero stood below Rico's groin, says much. 

After months of evading capture and without finances, Rico finds himself returning to the gutter from whence he came. He is no longer a teetotaller and is now a destitute drunk residing in a flophouse. From a person reading a newspaper aloud, he learns of Sam Vittori’s execution and a now promoted Lieutenant Flaherty’s denunciation of Rico of being a coward. This is an obvious ploy to lure the former crime boss out of hiding. It works. Rico’s conceited ego takes the bait. He telephones the lawman and is even more outraged by Flaherty’s verbal sparring. This provides sufficient time to trace the call and locate Rico.

Flaherty spots Rico next to a billboard, one which is poetically advertising Joe and Olga's dancing act. A defiant Rico won't give up and hides behind the sign. Armed with a tommy gun, Flaherty sprays the billboard with bullets, fatally wounding the criminal. Ever the narcissist, Rico's famous last words are spoken in third person (your humble host would never ever, dear reader) as if lifted from a newspaper headline, "Mother of mercy! Is this the end of Rico?"

Despite its somewhat rough edges, Little Caesar remains a compelling film largely due to Edward G. Robinson’s energetic performance. The actor’s distinctive, rapid delivery is particularly memorable. His confident swagger and Napoleon complex make Rico a highly alluring character. This is why Edward G. Robinson’s iconic portrayal of the character has left an indelible mark on popular culture.

Although Little Caesar may not have been the first gangster film, it established the narrative and template that subsequent films of its kind would follow. Consequently, some of its shortcomings are easily overlooked given its role in defining an entire subgenre in cinema. 

Recommended.

Free to watch on YouTube. 

Dada Debaser Note: 

Watched Little Caesar on New Year's Day, unaware it had just become a public domain film that same day.

Doctor at Large

The Mask of Fu Manchu (Charles Brabin, 1932)

Came to the shocking discovery that I had not seen Boris Karloff's turn as the diabolical Dr. Fu Manchu before. It could be because I might have mixed Karloff with another of his roles where he's caked up in highly problematic, ethnic make-up, like his private dick Mr. Wong, or more worryingly, the shite I tend to watch has given me brainrot and given me early dementia. My earliest introduction to the character of Fu Manchu were the Harry Allan Towers productions, starring none other than the legendary Christopher Lee as the moustachioed fiend. Loved the first two entries, but they got increasingly worse afterwards. Now, after seeing Karloff's portrayal of the evil genius in Charles Brabin's The Mask of Fu Manchu (1932), I'm kicking myself even more for the confusion, as it's the most outrageous pre-Hays Code films I might have watched thus far.

"I'm a Doctor of Philosophy from Edingburgh. I'm a Doctor of Law from Christ's College. I'm a Doctor of Medicine from Harvard. My friends out of courtesy call me Doctor."

The character of Dr. Fu Manchu was the creation of English author Arthur Henry Ward, under the unfathomably badass pseudonym Sax Rohmer. 'The Yellow Peril', a racially charged example of fear-mongering propaganda from the early 20th century, which implied violent retribution towards Western Imperialism, would appoint Fu Manchu as the chief architect of an epic race war. The mastermind would become the archetypal Bond villain well before Ian Flemming even put pen to paper. The success and popularity of Rohmer's books would result in numerous adaptations, ranging from radio programmes, episodic serials, and prior features such as The Mysterious Doctor Fu Manchu (1929). Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios would deliver the biggest budget and most mainstream effort yet, and it would star the great Boris Karloff, hot from his iconic role in Frankenstein (1931).

"May the curse of the gods descend upon him and is forever who dares enter herein! I don't like to mar the beauty of these doors, but I have my orders, it's got to be done. Mack, give me the axe!

The plot to The Mask of Fu Manchu concerns a British archaeological expedition searching for the tomb of the legendary Genghis Khan. They aren't the only ones looking for the conqueror's final resting place, however. The diabolical doctor seeks to possess both the scimitar and mask of Genghis Khan in order to prove to the horde armies of the East that he is the reincarnation of the ancient ruler. With both these artifacts in his taloned grasps, he'll be able to wage an epic war against the white race. With the news of the dastardly villain abducting, the expedition's leader, Sir Lionel Barton (Lawrence Grant), by Fu Manchu's goons (disguised as Egyptian mummies), British Intelligence agent Nayland Smith (Lewis Stone), arch nemesis of the fiendish mastermind, is dispatched in finding the legendary artifacts with the team and stop Fu Manchu.

 "I have brought you here for great tidings. I am the most unfortunate of men; I have no son to follow me. Therefore, in shame, I ask you to receive a message from my ugly and insignificant daughter."

Not unlike Steven Spielberg's Indiana Jones films, Fu Manchu's devilish torture chambers bring a horror element to what's otherwise a straight laced adventure tale. From being tied to a seesaw above an alligator pit, and to being caught in the middle of metal spikes, these ingeniously sadistic sequences make up for some of the film's obvious plot holes. Sir Lionel Barton's refusal to reveal the location of Genghis Khan's tomb results in him being strapped beneath a giant bell. Karloff utters with sadistic glee to the unfortunate captive, "Seems harmless, doesn't it? Just a bell ringing. But the percussion and the repercussion of sound ringing against your eardrums will soften and destroy them until the sound is magnified a thousand times. You can't move, you can't sleep. You will be frantic with thirst. You will be unspeakably foul. But here you will lie, day after day, until you tell." After what feels like an eternity of torturous campanology to poor old Sir Lionel, the sadistic doctor offers water to the unfortunate archaeologist. It's filled with salt, however. The rotter!

"He is not entirely unhandsome, is he my father?"

"For a white man; no!"

A great rapport exists between Karloff's Fu Manchu and his daughter Fah Lo Suee (Myrna Loy). Both play complete sadists experiencing joy whilst their victims suffer in agonising pain. When the film's rugged hero Terrence Granville (Charles Starrett) presents a fake scimitar to Fu Manchu, he is stripped of his shirt, hung from the ceiling and whipped to orgasmic ecstasy of Fah Lo Suee. Both Karloff and Loy were constantly receiving new dialogue to learn, even whilst in the make-up chair. This would subsequently result in their performances coming across as tongue-in-cheek, attempting to outdo each other. Their shared scenes are some of the highlights of the film. After Terrence's torture, Fah Lo Suee is caught by her father going to kiss the unconscious do-gooder. His hilarious response to her question over Terrence's attractiveness, hints at Fu Manchu possibly being attracted to him too.

"You will think as I think! See as I see! And do as I command!"

Constantly, the film visually impresses with its copious eye catching sets and exotic costumes. Despite how much it reeks of a mere exploitation film, The Mask of Fu Manchu is a surprisingly breathtaking film to look at. Both Karloff and Loy seem to be dressed in a different, patterned silk robe in every scene they're in. At one point, Karloff wears a ridiculous fruit-looking hat that's more fitting for Carmen Miranda, whilst delivering a speech full of hate to an army of Asian and Middle -Eastern fanatics. Favourite set design is the room where Terrence is humiliatingly wearing an adult diaper and strapped to an operating table. It's a vast room with Fu Manchu in surgical garments, administering a mind control drug to him. Standing on pedestals are black subordinates in loincloths resembling Oscar awards. This looks like it belongs in a science fiction set in the future. The sci-fi aesthetic can also be witnessed in another sparse room, featuring the previously mentioned giant metallic spikes. Further evidence, is the room which houses a powerful death ray, turning out to be ever so handy for the final moments in the film.

"Kill the white man and take his women!"

Undoubtedly, the most glaring issue in The Mask of Fu Manchu is its racist content. Ninety years later, it's equally as uncomfortable for lefty pearl-clutchers as it once was for authoritarian conservatives in the past. Horseshoe Theory in full effect. For this humble blogger, one who's watched a veritable smorgasbord of depraved films, and frequented the metaphorical Wild West of early 2000s Rap message boards, The Mask of Fu Manchu is a treasure trove of derogatory stereotyping and blissful ignorance, which could never realistically be replicated today (in the First World at least). Sure, Karloff in garish prosthetic make-up looks like an offensive caricature of an Asian; and yes, both Asian and other non-white racial stereotypes are also featured in the film. However, there's also a strong anti-white sentiment in the film that would even have Netflix execs deeming it extreme, even for them, which at the very least, balances the scales for me. In true racial equality, it offends everyone equally. And even if it didn't, it still wouldn't compel me into spewing some obligatory defensive apology like some over on Letterboxd. I found The Mask of Fu Manchu entertaining and funny.

The Mask of Fu Manchu is an outrageous, yet amusing gem from the pre-Code era. Like one of Fu Manchu's concoctions, the fact that it's over ninety years old and still a potent mix of sex, sadism and racism, makes it cinematic gold for me. A very strong recommendation from me.