The Day the Earth Caught Fire (Val Guest, 1961)
The enduring British heatwave provides an opportune time to revisit the prescient science fiction classic The Day the Earth Caught Fire (1961), written by Val Guest and Wolf Mankowitz. Guest’s impressive filmography as a director reflected the thriving health of the British film industry through the 1950s; as evidenced by The Quatermass Xperiment (1955), Quatermass 2 (1957) and The Abominable Snowman (1957) for Hammer Films. The decline would also be mirrored by his sex comedies Au Pair Girls (1972) and Confessions of a Window Cleaner (1974). Fortunately The Day the Earth Caught Fire was produced during a period when both the quality of Guest’s output and the state of British cinema were far healthier. Nevertheless, the film maker had to use a combination of determination and persuasion to get this personal passion project off the ground as it was not deemed a desirable property by various studios.
Presented in a striking yellow hue, The Day the Earth Caught Fire opens with a car announcing an important countdown as it drives through a dystopian Piccadilly Circus in central London. The purpose of this announcement is yet to be revealed. The scene transitions to a solitary man walking through a deserted Fleet Street, the hub of the British press. This man is Peter Stenning (Edward Judd in his first lead role), a journalist at the Daily Express, who is unable to write what might potentially be his final article and that of mankind, because the ink ribbon of his typewriter has turned into a molten sludge. He finds a work around by transcribing it to the perspiring copy desk worker on the other end of his phone.
“It is exactly 30 minutes since the corrective bombs were detonated. Within the next few hours, the world will know whether this is the end or another beginning. The rebirth of man or his final obituary. For the last time, man pursued his brother with a sword, and so the final fire was kindled. The Earth that was to live forever was blasted by a great wind towards oblivion. It is strange to think that barely 90 days ago…” — Peter Stenning
Before Stenning can finish his monologue, The Day the Earth Caught Fire flashes back to a more palatable monochrome visual, depicting the busy offices of the Daily Express. It’s raining outside. Amidst reports of floods in Ascot and earthquakes in Jakarta, an even more concerning hot scoop has occurred: the simultaneous detonation of two atomic bombs by the United States and the Soviet Union. Stenning is reintroduced in a less ominous context.
Due to a messy divorce which has driven him to hard drinking, it is revealed that our reckless journalist never fully realised his career potential. If not for the watchful care of his professional colleague Bill Maguire (the best Number Two from The Prisoner, Leo McKern), Stenning would have already been out on his ear by now. In the wake of the detonations, our protagonist is sent on a menial task by the paper to learn more about the recent increase of sunspots. The’ve been causing havoc on aerial transmissions. After barging his way to speak with the big cheese at the British Met Office, our reporter encounters Jeannie Craig (Janet Munro), a typist there who Stenning had been rude to during an earlier phone conversation. He subsequently receives a slap in the face from her. Even more humbling for our protagonist, he misses his sunspots article deadline, and it’s Maguire who saves his skin, by both writing the article and crediting it to Stenning.
Despite its sensationalist title, The Day the Earth Caught Fire approaches its outlandish premise with maturity and intelligence. This is largely due to the enduring relevance of its anti-bomb message and its prophetic poignancy on extreme climate change.
The nuclear detonations have caused widespread outrage. While attending a nuclear disarmament protest in Trafalgar Square, Stenning witnesses an unexpected solar eclipse. Along with the unusual weather conditions occurring globally, the Daily Express’s editor-in-chief Jeff Jefferson (played by real life editor Arthur Christiansen delivering some truly amateur levels of acting in the few scenes he is in) hypothesises that all the phenomena are linked to the nuclear tests. Evidently, he isn’t the only one who believes this, hence an unexpected television broadcast by the government denying the connection.
The record breaking heatwave is felt all over the nation. After spending quality time at the funfair with his young son, Stenning has a chance encounter with Jeannie once again, while she is sunbathing by the Thames river. This time, it’s a much friendlier meeting between the two, and the potential of a romance appears to be on the cards. “Look there’s a lunch place down there, by the boating pool. We can get fish and chips and pretend we’re in Venice.” Classy. During the flirtations, the local crowd rushes to the edge of the Thames. An eerie fog, not unlike the luminescent one from John Carpenter’s 1980 film The Fog, envelops the entire city. Maguire theorises that the heat mist is the result of the melting of the polar ice caps. He further speculates that the unusual weather conditions can be explained by a shift in the Earth’s axis caused by the two atomic tests. Maguire’s hypothesis is confirmed when Jeannie reluctantly turns whistleblower. The global emergency is further compounded when Jefferson’s source in the Soviet Union reveals that the Earth’s orbit has been disrupted by the atomic tests and has sent the planet hurtling towards the sun.
The meticulous attention to the film’s three main characters fosters a strong emotional connection with them. Edward Judd’s character undergoes the most development throughout the film; from his initial saturnine state of personal despair, to receiving a new lease of life with his relationship with Munro’s Jeannie. Val Guest appears to favour having Janet Munro in compromising situations that emphasise her physical attributes and vulnerability. One notable example is her home being invaded by a cult of doomsday beatniks. One wanders what would have happened had Stenning not come to her rescue in time. This scene is reminiscent of the motel scene in Touch of Evil (1958) where a menacing juvenile gang drug and abduct a helpless Janet Leigh. Rounding the trio off, is Leo McKern’s Maguire, who, beneath all the world-weary cynicism, offers a paternal-like helping hand to Stenning (“Tell me about sun-spots, Daddy!”), giving him multiple chances to redeem himself. Perhaps it can be perceived that Stenning might serve as a lab rat in determining whether or not mankind can be redeemed.
Val Guest manages to incorporate genuine newsreel disaster clips, as well as editing in actual footage from anti-bomb demonstrations into his film. They provide an air of cinéma vérité to his offering and build a sense of urgency and realism to his doomsday tale. In the context of the news, it is evident that Guest holds a high regard for the press; portraying it as an honourable profession rather than the bunch of lying, manipulative bastards of today. The inclusion of Arthur Christiansen, a real editor with limited acting ability, in the film may be considered excessive for the sake of authenticity, but I’m willing to believe Guest might have perceived the journalistic class was cut from a different cloth back then. The director even includes the original Art Deco building on Fleet Street which remains as the London headquarters of the Daily Express to this day.
Beyond the three leads, the film’s appeal is further enhanced by its depiction of the British public’s reaction to the worsening ecological situation. Initially, the heatwave is met with widespread enjoyment as women on the high street wear bikinis and revel in the sunny weather. However, when the heat mist blankets the city causing the public to become disoriented and unable to find their way home, concern begins to grow. When water amenities become scarce and force the populace into queues, the film depicts a return to the familiar wartime spirit. As society descends into chaos, particularly among younger generations, who engage in street parties and rioting, the narrative transitions from the whimsical style of the Ealing Studios films to the more sombre and nihilistic tone of science fiction films from the late 1960s and into the 1970s.
Filmed in a 2.35: 1 aspect ratio, The Day the Earth Caught Fire presents the devastation of extreme climate change in a panoramic view. Les Bowie’s special effects are particularly striking in this format. Familiar landmarks and cityscapes are smothered by an eerie fog or distorted by the scorching heat, creating a surreal atmosphere.
I feel obligated to mention a couple of uncredited actors in the film. Carry On stalwart Peter Butterworth
appears in a few brief scenes as a Daily Express journalist. An unusual
role for him, considering he is primarily associated with being a comedic actor. Finally, there is a minor bit part for a young
Michael Caine as a policeman warning our Stenning to “Stay clear of Chelsea! They say it’s pretty rough down there.”
In a desperate attempt to correct this disaster, both the superpowers
decide to detonate two additional bombs, at exactly the same positions as before,
hoping to return the Earth back to its natural orbit. The film concludes with ambiguity regarding the outcome. Two Daily Express front pages are hanging off the printing press: one celebrating humanity’s successful attempt to save the world, and the other lamenting its total destruction. Stenning's final monologue reflecting the ambiguity of the ending.
“So man has sown the wind and reaped the whirlwind. Perhaps, in the next few hours, there will be no remembrance of the past and no hope for the future that might have been. All the works of man will be consumed in the great fire out of which he was created. But perhaps at the heart of the burning light into which he has thrust his world, there is a heart that cares more for him than he has ever cared for himself. And if there is a future for man, insensitive as he is, proud and defiant in his pursuit of power, let him resolve to live it lovingly, for he knows well how to do so. Then he may say once more, truly the light is sweet, and what a pleasant thing it is for the eyes to see the sun.” — Peter Stenning
Unless one considers the US release of the film which added the sound of jubilant church bells signalling the world had been saved. This is not the only classic British film to have its finale altered for its transatlantic release. The 2005 film The Descent features a similarly upbeat alternative ending that was the basis for an inferior sequel.
Given its age, The Day the Earth Caught Fire may disappoint those expecting something more akin to a trashy science fiction B-movie. This is a distinctly more serious film with a heavy focus on character and emotional resonance. Beneath the veneer of the doomsday scenario lies a story of mankind as its central theme. There are no actors in bug-eyed, alien suits as our foes; our enemy is ourselves. And it is driven home by Val Guest with a sense of earnest emergency that makes us pay even greater attention today. Thus, it's a very relevant film.
The Day the Caught Fire is currently available on Blu-ray in the US by Kino Lorber and in the UK by the BFI.















































